9 Future perspectives
The first future perspectives of this work are to address the limitations mentioned earlier. Using more accurate data on the buildings energetic needs would be the firs step. Then, integrating prices that fluctuate over the hours of the year in REHO should be considered. On the third instance, an other way of providing flexibility should be investigated. This could be done by integrating smart charging for EV charging stations and by modeling energy management systems (EMS) in REHO. Finally, for a given energy system, and with prices associated to every possible exchange between stakeholders, an optimization of the different portfolio of the different stakeholders should be done. A Pareto front could be constructed in an N-dimensional space where N is the number of stakeholders. This would allow to identify optimal solution and extreme scenarii.
In parallel, different local energy markets could be investigated or different local distribution charges for the DSO. The local distribution charge could for example fluctuate over the hours of the year as it the case for the SIG tariff for instance in order to send an economical signal to the consumer to consume at desired hours of the year. The local distribution charge could also be function of the voltage state of the network as it is the case in the Quartierstrom project for instance. This also pushes the consumers to buy electricity at desired specific period of the year.
In a second time, once the financial model is more robust, it would be a great interest to analyze the financial outcomes on the different stakeholders of implementing CEL in different type of neighborhood. Indeed, the clustering work done in this study has allowed to identify 4 types of neighborhood in the canton of Geneva. Les Vergers is part of the residential neighborhood category. It would be valuable to know what are the energy flows between each stakeholder in a the 3 other types of neighborhood and what would be the financial outcomes.
Finally, it would be also interesting to study in which other way than analyzing its economic revenues or losses, CEL structure could be a benefit for the DSO. In particular, it would be very valuable to know the impact of CEL structures on the network sizing and if it could prevent from expensive reinforcements, but also if it could provide flexibility for the DSO and even for the Transmission System Operator (TSO) as suggest in (Mendicino et al. 2021).